Glossary
מילון מונחים
Definitions of financial terms.
Federal Reserve System
The central banking system of the United States, responsible for monetary policy, bank supervision, financial stability, and key payment services.
institutionFederal Open Market Committee
The monetary-policy committee of the U.S. Federal Reserve System that sets the target stance for open market operations and the federal funds rate.
marketNew York Stock Exchange
U.S. securities exchange operated by Intercontinental Exchange and known for its listed-company market, auction mechanisms, and Wall Street trading floor.
indexS&P 500 Index
A float-adjusted, market-capitalization-weighted index of 500 leading U.S. large-cap companies maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices.
institutionU.S. Department of the Treasury
The U.S. Department of the Treasury is the federal executive department responsible for managing key fiscal, financial, tax, currency, debt-management and financial-integrity functions of the United States government.
conceptFederal Funds Rate
The Federal Reserve’s key U.S. overnight interbank policy rate and monetary policy benchmark.
regulatorAustralian Prudential Regulation Authority
Australia’s prudential regulator for banks, insurers and most superannuation entities.
marketAustralian Securities Exchange
Australia’s principal securities exchange group and operator of listing, trading, clearing, settlement, market data and related infrastructure.
institutionFederal National Mortgage Association
U.S. government-sponsored enterprise known as Fannie Mae that supports the secondary mortgage market.
regulatorFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
U.S. federal agency that insures bank deposits, supervises certain banks, and resolves failed insured depository institutions.
institutionBHP Group
Australian diversified mining group with major iron ore, copper, coal and potash interests.
institutionDepository Trust & Clearing Corporation
U.S. post-trade market infrastructure group whose subsidiaries provide securities depository, clearing, settlement, data and related processing services.
regulatorBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Governing federal agency of the Federal Reserve System in Washington, D.C.
regulatorInternal Revenue Service
U.S. federal tax administration agency within the Department of the Treasury.
product401(k) plan
A U.S. employer-sponsored retirement plan that allows eligible workers to contribute part of their pay to individual accounts.
productUnited States Treasury bill
A short-term, marketable debt security issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
indexConsumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) is a monthly U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics measure of average price changes for a representative basket of goods and services purchased by urban households. It covers more than 90 percent of the U.S. population and is widely used to track consumer inflation.
fundMutual fund
A U.S. mutual fund is an SEC-registered open-end investment company that pools shareholders’ money to invest in a portfolio of securities or other assets.
fundDeposit Insurance Fund
The Deposit Insurance Fund is the fund administered by the FDIC to insure deposits at covered U.S. banks and resolve failed insured depository institutions.
indexTA-35 Index
Flagship equity index of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, tracking 35 large Israeli-linked shares.
indexS&P/ASX 200 Index
Australia’s principal investable equity benchmark, tracking 200 large and liquid ASX-listed securities.
regulatorCommodity Futures Trading Commission
Independent U.S. regulator for futures, options and swaps markets.
institutionChicago Mercantile Exchange
U.S. derivatives exchange and CME Group subsidiary for futures and options markets.
regulatorPension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
U.S. federal corporation that insures private-sector defined benefit pension plans.
conceptAustralian cash rate
The Australian cash rate is the Reserve Bank of Australia’s operational target for monetary policy and the benchmark overnight rate in the Australian dollar money market.
institutionAustralian Office of Financial Management
Australia’s sovereign debt manager and issuer of Australian Government Securities.
institutionMonetary Committee of the Bank of Israel
The statutory body that sets Israel’s monetary policy and key policy interest rate within the Bank of Israel.
conceptBank of Israel interest rate
The Bank of Israel’s policy interest rate, set by the Monetary Committee as Israel’s main monetary-policy instrument.
regulatorSupervisor of Capital Markets, Insurance and Savings
Israel’s non-bank financial regulator for insurance, pensions, provident funds, long-term savings and regulated financial-service providers.
institutionSecurities Investor Protection Corporation
U.S. nonprofit corporation that protects customers of failed SIPC-member broker-dealers under the Securities Investor Protection Act.
institutionThe Depository Trust Company
U.S. central securities depository and settlement utility operated as a DTCC subsidiary.
institutionNational Securities Clearing Corporation
U.S. clearing agency and central counterparty for many broker-to-broker securities trades.
institutionFixed Income Clearing Corporation
U.S. clearing agency and DTCC subsidiary that provides central counterparty clearing and settlement services for Treasury, agency debt, and agency mortgage-backed securities markets.
regulatorCouncil of Financial Regulators
Australia’s non-statutory coordinating body for financial regulators.
marketNew Payments Platform
Australia’s real-time account-to-account payments infrastructure for fast retail payments, PayID addressing and PayTo payment initiation.
institutionVisa Inc.
U.S.-based global payments technology company operating the Visa payment network.
regulatorForeign Investment Review Board
Australian non-statutory advisory body for foreign investment screening and policy administration.
regulatorAustralian Competition and Consumer Commission
Australia’s national competition, consumer, fair trading and product safety regulator.
indexBank bill swap rate
Australian dollar benchmark interest rate for short-term bank paper, widely used in loans, floating-rate notes and derivatives.
productAustralian Government Securities
Debt securities issued by the Commonwealth of Australia through the Australian Office of Financial Management.
institutionCME Group
U.S.-based derivatives marketplace and parent company of CME, CBOT, NYMEX and COMEX.
regulatorConsumer Financial Protection Bureau
U.S. federal regulator for consumer financial products and services.
regulatorFinancial Industry Regulatory Authority
U.S. self-regulatory organization overseeing broker-dealers and registered representatives.
institutionAustralian Bureau of Statistics
Australia’s national statistical agency and the official producer of many core economic, population, labour-market and price statistics.
indexConsumer Price Index (Australia)
Australia’s principal household inflation index, compiled by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
indexTA-125 Index
Broad benchmark equity index of 125 major shares listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.
institutionMASAV
Israel’s bank-owned automated clearing and faster-payments infrastructure for shekel credits, debits and transfers.
regulatorFinancial Crimes Enforcement Network
U.S. Treasury bureau that administers and enforces Bank Secrecy Act anti-money laundering rules and serves as the U.S. financial intelligence unit.
indexIsrael Consumer Price Index
Monthly measure of changes in Israeli consumer prices, compiled by the Central Bureau of Statistics and used as the main inflation indicator.
productFedwire Funds Service
U.S. Federal Reserve real-time gross settlement service for same-day, high-value funds transfers.
conceptBank Holding Company
A company that controls one or more U.S. banks and is subject to Federal Reserve supervision under the Bank Holding Company Act and Regulation Y.
regulatorOffice of Foreign Assets Control
U.S. Treasury office that administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions.
conceptFinancial Claims Scheme
Australian government scheme protecting eligible bank deposits and general insurance claims after a failure of a covered institution.
productCHESS
Australia’s Clearing House Electronic Subregister System for cash equities settlement and share ownership records.
institutionRBA Monetary Policy Board
Australia’s statutory central-bank board responsible for monetary policy decisions, including the cash rate target.
regulatorAustralian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre
Australia’s anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing regulator and financial intelligence unit.
marketASX 24
Australia’s exchange market for futures and options on interest rates, equity indices and commodities.
productIsraeli Government Bonds
Debt securities issued by the State of Israel in domestic and international markets.
institutionNational Insurance Institute of Israel
Israel’s public social security institution, responsible for collecting national and health insurance contributions and administering statutory benefits.
conceptFICO score
A brand of U.S. consumer credit score calculated from credit-report information and used by lenders to assess credit risk.
institutionOptions Clearing Corporation
The Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) is a U.S. central counterparty and clearing agency that clears and settles listed options and other financial contracts, manages associated risks, and operates under the jurisdiction of federal financial regulators.
productMunicipal bond
A debt security issued by a U.S. state or local government, public authority, or other eligible public entity to borrow for public purposes or, in some cases, to finance a private borrower through a conduit arrangement.
fundFuture Fund
Australia’s sovereign wealth fund, established in 2006 to invest government assets and help strengthen the Commonwealth’s long-term financial position, including provision for unfunded public-sector superannuation liabilities.
marketIsraeli mortgage market
The Israeli mortgage market comprises housing loans secured by residential property, primarily originated by banks and regulated by the Bank of Israel. It is shaped by borrower-based limits on loan size and repayment capacity, a mix of interest-rate and indexation tracks, and an approval process designed to support comparison among lenders.
eventBachar Reform
Israel’s mid-2000s capital-market reform, which required banks to divest major holdings in mutual and provident funds to reduce conflicts of interest and broaden nonbank finance.
productTreasury Inflation-Protected Securities
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) are U.S. Treasury marketable securities whose principal is adjusted with changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers. They pay a fixed coupon rate on the adjusted principal and return at least the original principal at maturity, subject to the security’s terms.
conceptDividend Imputation in Australia
Australia’s dividend imputation system allows eligible shareholders to receive franking credits for company tax paid on profits distributed as dividends, and to use those credits as tax offsets under applicable rules.
marketAustralian financial advice industry
The Australian financial advice industry comprises licensed businesses and authorised professionals that provide financial product advice, including personal advice to retail clients. Its activities are governed primarily by the Corporations Act 2001 and overseen by ASIC, with requirements that vary according to the advice, client and products involved.
conceptTerm deposits in Australia
Australian term deposits are bank deposits held for an agreed period at a fixed interest rate, generally with limited access before maturity and potential protection under the Financial Claims Scheme.
institutionFederal Housing Administration
A U.S. government agency within HUD that insures mortgages made by approved lenders, supporting financing for single-family homes, multifamily properties, and certain healthcare facilities.
product529 plan
A U.S. tax-advantaged education savings or prepaid tuition program authorized by Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code.
conceptSuperannuation guarantee (Australia)
Australia’s statutory requirement for employers to make minimum superannuation contributions for eligible workers.
marketIsraeli corporate bond market
The market for debt securities issued by companies and traded primarily on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.
marketIsraeli Equity Market
The Israeli equity market is the market for shares and related securities traded primarily on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, Israel’s principal securities exchange. It connects companies seeking equity capital with domestic and international investors, and is regulated within a framework that includes the Israel Securities Authority and TASE rules.
indexNasdaq-100 Index
The Nasdaq-100 Index is a rules-based, modified market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of 100 of the largest non-financial companies primarily listed on a Nasdaq-affiliated U.S. exchange.
conceptFederal Reserve Discount Window
The Federal Reserve discount window is a lending facility through which eligible depository institutions borrow directly from a Federal Reserve Bank, usually against pledged collateral. Its primary, secondary, and seasonal credit programs provide different forms of short-term funding, supporting institutions’ liquidity management and the stability of the U.S. banking system.
conceptTreasury General Account
The Treasury General Account is the U.S. Treasury’s principal cash account at the Federal Reserve and a key liability on the Fed’s balance sheet. The term is also used for Treasury’s cash-deposit program through which federal agencies deposit collections at participating financial institutions.
indexSecured Overnight Financing Rate
The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) is a U.S. benchmark interest rate based on transactions in the overnight market for repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities.
conceptIsraeli Bank Capital Adequacy Framework
Israel’s bank capital adequacy framework consists of prudential rules set by the Bank of Israel’s Banking Supervision Department. It defines eligible regulatory capital, risk-weighted asset calculations, minimum capital ratios, a leverage backstop, supervisory assessment and disclosure requirements for banking corporations.
fundSelf-managed superannuation funds (Australia)
An Australian self-managed superannuation fund (SMSF) is a retirement savings fund whose members are also its trustees or directors of its corporate trustee, and are responsible for managing the fund and meeting its legal, tax and reporting obligations.
conceptIsraeli capital gains tax
An overview of how Israel taxes gains from the disposal of investments, other assets and real estate, including the role of tax residency, common rates, reporting and exemptions.
institutionNational Futures Association
The National Futures Association is a U.S. derivatives-industry self-regulatory organization designated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as a registered futures association. It administers registration functions, develops and enforces rules for its Members, conducts examinations, provides public background information, and offers arbitration services.
institutionSEC Division of Corporation Finance
A division of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that administers corporate disclosure requirements, selectively reviews securities filings, provides staff interpretations of securities laws and rules, and advises the Commission on regulatory proposals.
marketIsraeli bank deposit market
The Israeli bank deposit market comprises the accounts and deposit products through which households, businesses, and other customers place funds with banks in Israel, including current accounts and interest-bearing deposits.
marketIsraeli Foreign-Exchange Market
The Israeli foreign-exchange market is the market in which shekels are exchanged for foreign currencies, mainly through over-the-counter transactions between banks, customers, and other financial-sector participants. The Bank of Israel monitors activity, publishes reference exchange rates, and may intervene under its exchange-rate policy.
institutionFinancial Stability Oversight Council
The Financial Stability Oversight Council is a U.S. interagency body created by the Dodd–Frank Act to monitor threats to financial stability, coordinate regulators, and use specified authorities to address systemic risks.
regulatorMunicipal Securities Rulemaking Board
The Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB) is a U.S. self-regulatory organization established by Congress to write conduct rules for municipal securities dealers and municipal advisors, oversee market transparency systems, and support a fair and efficient municipal securities market.
conceptTreasury International Capital System
The Treasury International Capital (TIC) system is a U.S. government data-collection and reporting system that measures cross-border portfolio investment, selected financial positions, and related transactions between U.S. residents and foreign residents.
marketAustralian general insurance industry
The Australian general insurance industry comprises insurers and related businesses that provide cover for property, motor vehicles, liability and other non-life risks. It is subject to prudential oversight by APRA and conduct regulation by ASIC, and includes domestic insurers as well as business placed through intermediaries and overseas providers.
conceptMedicare Levy Surcharge
Australian tax surcharge on higher-income taxpayers who do not hold eligible private hospital cover.
institutionShva
Israeli payment infrastructure company operating national payment-card and ATM switching systems.
institutionAustralian Payments Plus
Australian member-owned domestic payments organisation operating BPAY, eftpos and NPP-related payment infrastructure and brands.
institutionInsurance Australia Group
Australian and New Zealand general insurance group listed on the ASX.
institutionIsrael Innovation Authority
Israel’s statutory public agency for technology innovation policy, R&D grants, and innovation ecosystem development.
indexAll Ordinaries Index
Australian equity market index measuring the 500 largest ASX-listed companies by market capitalisation.
productMySuper
Australian default superannuation product framework for simple, comparable retirement savings options.
institutionTel Aviv Stock Exchange Clearing House
Israeli clearing house and central securities depository for non-derivative securities traded on TASE.
conceptAustralian real estate investment trusts
Listed Australian property trusts, commonly called A-REITs, that give investors exchange-traded exposure to portfolios of income-producing real estate.
regulatorAustralian Securities and Investments Commission Market Supervision
ASIC’s function for supervising trading on Australia’s domestic licensed financial markets and enforcing market integrity rules.
marketAustralian corporate bond market
Market for debt securities issued by Australian companies and other corporate borrowers, including domestic Australian-dollar bonds and offshore issuance by Australian entities.
institutionAccountant General of Israel
Senior Ministry of Finance office responsible for Israeli government accounting, treasury operations, debt management, state guarantees, procurement controls and budget execution oversight.
productMAGNA disclosure system
Israel Securities Authority electronic filing and disclosure platform for regulated securities-market reports.
productFedNow Service
United States Federal Reserve instant payment infrastructure for 24x7x365 interbank clearing and settlement.
regulatorPayments System Board
Policy board of the Reserve Bank of Australia responsible for payments system policy and related oversight of clearing and settlement facilities.
institutionASX Clear
The central counterparty for Australian cash equities and equity derivatives cleared through the ASX group.
indexTel Bond 20 Index
A Tel Aviv Stock Exchange index of 20 large, fixed-coupon Israeli CPI-linked corporate bond series.
institutioneToro
Israel-based online trading and investing platform known for social trading and CopyTrader.
institutionASX Clear (Futures)
ASX Clear (Futures) Pty Limited is an Australian central counterparty that clears futures and options traded on ASX 24 and eligible over-the-counter derivatives. It interposes itself between clearing participants after accepting and novating transactions, and uses margin, financial resources and default-management procedures to manage counterparty risk.
institutionTASE Derivatives Clearing House
The MAOF Clearing House is the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange subsidiary responsible for issuing, clearing, settling and exercising exchange-traded options and futures in Israel. It acts as the central counterparty for derivatives transactions and operates under TASE rules and Israel Securities Authority oversight.
marketIsraeli securities lending market
A market in which securities held by investors are temporarily lent to borrowers, including investors seeking to make short sales. In Israel, lending is conducted through market intermediaries and the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange Clearing House’s central securities lending pool.
productIsraeli managers’ insurance (Bituach Menahalim)
Bituach Menahalim is an Israeli life-insurance policy used for long-term retirement saving, commonly funded through employer and employee contributions. Depending on the policy, it can combine accumulated savings with life and disability cover. Its contractual terms, fees and retirement provisions vary by policy and date of issue.
marketAustralian exchange-traded funds
Exchange-traded funds in Australia are pooled investment funds whose units are quoted and traded on a licensed Australian exchange. They provide exposure to assets such as shares, bonds, property, commodities and currencies, and are subject to Australian financial-services, market and tax rules.
conceptReal Estate Investment Trusts in Israel
Real estate investment trusts (REITs) in Israel are publicly traded companies that invest in income-producing property under a dedicated tax framework. The framework, introduced in 2006, is intended to let investors access property through shares rather than direct ownership. Israeli REITs operate across commercial and residential property and are subject to distribution and listing requirements.
productBPAY
BPAY is an Australian electronic bill-payment scheme that lets customers pay participating billers through their financial institution’s online banking using a Biller Code and Customer Reference Number.
institutionAustralian Financial Security Authority
The Australian Financial Security Authority (AFSA) is a Commonwealth executive agency in the Treasury portfolio. It administers Australia’s personal insolvency and personal property securities systems, regulates aspects of personal insolvency practice, operates the Personal Property Securities Register, and manages certain assets confiscated under proceeds-of-crime laws.
eventIsraeli Kibbutz Debt Crisis
A financial crisis that left many Israeli kibbutzim heavily indebted during the 1980s and led to debt-restructuring agreements involving the kibbutz movements, creditor banks and the state.
conceptIsraeli depositor protection
Israel’s approach to protecting bank depositors relies on banking supervision and financial-stability measures rather than a statutory deposit-insurance scheme with a defined compensation limit. The Bank of Israel has described an implicit government guarantee, but that is distinct from a legally specified, automatic entitlement to reimbursement if a bank fails.
conceptDigital shekel
A proposed digital form of central bank money that the Bank of Israel is studying as an additional means of payment alongside cash and bank deposits.
conceptIsraeli Financial Literacy
Financial literacy in Israel encompasses the knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors used to make financial decisions, supported by school curricula, public information and policy initiatives.
institutionFederal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta is one of 12 regional Reserve Banks in the U.S. Federal Reserve System. Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, it serves the Sixth Federal Reserve District, contributes regional economic information to national monetary-policy deliberations, supervises certain financial institutions, and provides payment and lending services.
indexS&P/ASX 300 Index
An Australian equity index designed to measure up to 300 of the largest eligible securities listed on the Australian Securities Exchange, spanning large-, mid- and small-cap segments.
productPayID
PayID is an Australian payment addressing service that lets people and businesses link identifiers such as mobile numbers, email addresses or business identifiers to eligible bank accounts, so others can address payments without entering a BSB and account number.
marketIsraeli money market
The Israeli money market is the segment of Israel’s financial system for short-term borrowing, lending, liquidity management and trading in short-maturity instruments, principally in shekels. It connects banks, the Bank of Israel, government and institutional investors, and other financial firms through central-bank operations, MAKAM bills, deposits and securities-based transactions.
marketIsraeli Private Equity Industry
An overview of Israel’s private equity market, including its fund structures, investment strategies, participants, regulation, and transaction activity.
eventIsraeli financial-market response to the 2008 global financial crisis
The Israeli financial-market response to the 2008 global financial crisis involved sharp repricing of shares and corporate bonds, a severe interruption of non-bank credit, and policy measures by the Bank of Israel and the government. Israeli banks remained stable, while markets and economic activity were affected most strongly in late 2008 and early 2009.
institutionAustralian Financial Markets Association
The Australian Financial Markets Association (AFMA) is an industry association representing participants in Australia’s financial markets. It advocates on policy and regulation, develops market conventions and documentation, and provides conduct guidance and professional education. It is a membership organisation, not a government regulator.
institutionAustralian Payments Network (AusPayNet)
Australian Payments Network Limited (AusPayNet) is an Australian payments-industry membership organisation and self-regulatory body. It develops and administers rules, procedures and standards for several payment frameworks, and supports coordination among participants. It does not own or operate the underlying payment infrastructure through which funds move.
conceptFinancial Stability Review (Australia)
The Financial Stability Review (FSR) is a twice-yearly publication of the Reserve Bank of Australia assessing the resilience of Australia’s financial system and risks that could affect its stability. It surveys domestic and international conditions, borrowers, banks and non-bank institutions, and informs the RBA Monetary Policy Board’s consideration of financial-system risks.
conceptZAHAV Payment System
ZAHAV is Israel’s real-time gross settlement system for shekel payments. Operated by the Bank of Israel, it settles payment instructions individually and finally, supporting high-value transfers between participating institutions and certain customer payments.
productAustralian Treasury Notes
Short-term Australian Government securities issued at a discount and repaid at face value at maturity, used to manage the Commonwealth’s short-term financing needs.
conceptFinancial literacy in Australia
Financial literacy in Australia refers to the knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours that help people understand financial information and make decisions about earning, spending, saving, borrowing, investing and planning for the future. Australian policy increasingly uses the related term financial capability, which also emphasises applying knowledge in real-life circumstances.
productIsrael Bonds
Debt securities issued by the State of Israel and marketed internationally through designated organizations, including Development Corporation for Israel in the United States.
institutionIsraeli Pension Clearinghouse
Israel’s central digital system for exchanging pension-related information and requests among savers, employers and financial institutions. The service provides an overview of pension products and supports administrative processes under the supervision of the Capital Market, Insurance and Savings Authority.
marketIsraeli Motor Insurance Market
Israel’s motor insurance market combines compulsory coverage for bodily injury with optional insurance for damage to vehicles and property. It is regulated by the Capital Market, Insurance and Savings Authority, with licensed insurers offering policies and a designated pool serving some drivers unable to obtain compulsory cover through the regular market.
conceptIsraeli Fiscal Rule Framework
Israel’s fiscal rule framework consists principally of statutory limits on the central-government budget deficit and expenditure, alongside legal procedures governing budget approval and spending when no annual budget is enacted. The rules shape budget preparation, but their parameters have been amended over time, including in response to exceptional spending pressures.
institutionReserve Bank Board
Former main policy board of the Reserve Bank of Australia, replaced in 2025 by the Monetary Policy Board and Governance Board.
indexTA-Banks 5 Index
Israeli equity index tracking five large bank shares listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.
regulatorIsrael Securities Authority Enforcement Department
Enforcement function within Israel’s securities regulator responsible for administrative enforcement and related securities-law proceedings.
conceptMakam
Short-term central bank bills issued by the Bank of Israel and traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.
indexTA-90 Index
Israeli mid-cap equity benchmark of 90 Tel Aviv Stock Exchange shares outside the TA-35 Index.
marketTASE UP
A Tel Aviv Stock Exchange trading platform for securities offered to institutional and other qualified investors.
marketIsrael’s sovereign credit-default swap market
Israel’s sovereign credit-default swap market is the over-the-counter market for contracts referencing the credit risk of the State of Israel. Its quoted spreads provide a market-based measure of the cost of credit protection, while reflecting contract terms, liquidity and broader market conditions as well as perceptions of sovereign credit risk.
institutionInter-Ministerial Committee on Financial Stability (Israel)
Israel’s Financial Stability Committee is a statutory forum for coordination among the central bank, finance ministry and financial regulators. It monitors risks that could affect the financial system as a whole and can make recommendations to regulators and the government, while operational supervisory and crisis-management responsibilities remain with the relevant authorities.
eventIsrael’s 2002 Economic Plan
Israel’s 2002 Economic Plan was a set of fiscal and legislative measures adopted during a recession to address a widening budget deficit and support economic stability. It combined spending adjustments and changes to benefits and employment rules, and is associated with the 2002 budget, the Economic Arrangements Law and a separate emergency plan.
conceptAustralian dollar
Australia’s official currency, issued as banknotes by the Reserve Bank of Australia and as coins under Commonwealth currency law.
marketNasdaq Stock Market
U.S. electronic stock exchange operated by Nasdaq, Inc., known for equity listings, electronic trading, and technology-company issuers.
event1983 Israeli Bank Stock Crisis
The 1983 Israeli bank stock crisis was a collapse in the prices of major Israeli bank shares after years of bank intervention to support them. The episode prompted an 18-day closure of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and a government-backed arrangement that transferred control of major banks to the state.
fundSocial Security trust funds
The Social Security trust funds are two federal accounts that record income and expenses for the U.S. Social Security program and hold its accumulated reserves. The Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance funds are managed by the Treasury and invest reserves in U.S. government securities under federal law.
eventIsrael’s 1985 Economic Stabilization Plan
Israel’s emergency economic program, introduced in July 1985, combined fiscal and monetary restraint with temporary wage and price measures and an exchange-rate anchor to curb very high inflation and ease external financing pressures.
institutionAmerican International Group
U.S.-based global property-casualty insurer known as AIG, listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
productBank Hapoalim Bit app
Israeli mobile payments application operated by Bank Hapoalim for P2P transfers, merchant payments and related digital financial services.
indexS&P/ASX 200 VIX Index
Australian equity-market volatility index measuring 30-day implied volatility from S&P/ASX 200 options.
marketAustralian mortgage-backed securities
Debt securities backed by pools of Australian residential mortgages, used by banks and non-bank lenders for funding and by the RBA as eligible collateral under specified conditions.
conceptBank of Israel foreign exchange reserves
Foreign-currency reserve assets held and managed by the Bank of Israel for liquidity, crisis financing, and market-stability purposes.
indexTASE SME60 Index
Israeli equity index of 60 smaller-cap TASE-listed shares outside the TA-125 universe.
institutionMax Stock Ltd.
Israeli discount retail chain listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange under the ticker MAXO.
indexTA-Real Estate Index
Tel Aviv Stock Exchange equity index covering TASE-listed real-estate sector shares that meet the exchange’s index criteria.
institutionIsrael Foreign Trade Risks Insurance Corporation (ASHRA)
ASHRA is a wholly government-owned Israeli export credit agency that provides insurance for medium- and long-term export credit and, in specified cases, other international trade risks. Its coverage can address political and commercial non-payment risks and is backed by a state guarantee, subject to underwriting and government approval.